Latitude affects photoperiod-induced changes in immune response in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)
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چکیده
Animals use day length (photoperiod) to time seasonal adaptations to annual changes in their environment. Reproductive adjustments in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) from high latitudes are more extensive in response to short days than in deer mice from low latitudes. These adjustments may permit individuals to survive the severe seasonal changes (e.g., temperature and food abundance) in high-latitude environments. Immune function is also affected by photoperiod. Short days were predicted to result in elevated immune and reproductive responses in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)) from the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada (~62°N), compared with voles from Ohio (OH), USA (~39°N). Male voles from both latitudes were maintained in long or short days for 10 weeks prior to a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune challenge. Both populations displayed similar testicular regression and reduction of testosterone concentrations in short days. DTH immune responses, however, diverged between the two populations. DTH immune responses were enhanced in long-day NWT voles and short-day OH voles, but decreased in short-day NWT voles and long-day OH voles. Total and free corticosterone concentrations did not explain the latitudinal differences in immune responses. These results suggest that photoperiod affects reproductive and immune systems differently and that immune responses may reflect other environmental factors. Résumé : Les animaux utilisent la longueur du jour (photopériode) pour synchroniser leurs adaptations saisonnières avec les changements annuels de l’environnement. En réaction aux jours courts, les ajustements de la reproduction chez les souris sylvestres (Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) des hautes latitudes sont plus importants que ceux des souris des basses latitudes. Ces ajustements permettent vraisemblablement aux individus de survivre aux rudes changements saisonniers (par exemple de température et d’abondance de nourriture) dans les milieux de haute latitude. La fonction immunitaire est aussi influencée par la photopériode. Nous avons posé en hypothèse que les jours cours causeraient des réactions immunitaires et reproductives plus fortes chez les campagnols de Pennsylvanie (Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)) des Territoires du Nord-Ouest (NWT), Canada (~62 N) que chez ceux de l’Ohio (OH), USA (~39 N). Nous avons gardé des campagnols mâles des deux latitudes à des jours longs ou courts pendant 10 semaines précédant une épreuve immunologique de type hypersensibilité retardée (DTH). En régime de jours courts, les mâles des deux populations subissent des régressions testiculaires semblables et une réduction des concentrations de testostérone. Les réactions de DTH, cependant, diffèrent dans les deux populations. Les réactions immunitaires DTH sont amplifiées chez les campagnols de NWT en régime de jours longs et les campagnols OH en régime de jours courts; elles sont réduites chez les campagnols NWT en régime de jours courts et les campagnols OH en régime de jours longs. Les concentrations de corticostérone totale et libre n’expliquent pas les différences de réaction immunitaire entre les deux latitudes. Ces résultats laissent croire que la photopériode affecte les systèmes reproducteur et immunitaire de façon différente et que les réactions immunitaires peuvent refléter des facteurs environnementaux différents. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Pyter et al. 1278
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تاریخ انتشار 2005